Friday, July 26, 2019
Morphology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Morphology - Assignment Example In Arabic the future tense is formed by adding the prefix ââ¬Ësaââ¬â¢ to the imperfect verb, ie. sa + yaââ¬â¢kulu ââ¬Å"He will eatâ⬠. b) infixation: a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme is added within a stem or root word. An affix is added within a root word and forms a new word with a different meaning. Although English utilizes many prefixes and suffixes it does not evidence infixes except in slang wherein a curse word may be inserted, ie. ââ¬Ëabso +bloomin + lutelyââ¬â¢ . Evidence of infixes: Siouan cheti ââ¬Ëto build a fireââ¬â¢ ââ¬â che + wa ââ¬â ti ââ¬ËI build a fire and shuta ââ¬Ëto missââ¬â¢ ââ¬â shu + un + ta ââ¬Ëwe missââ¬â¢ (Sapir, 2004, p. 57) c) compounding: a morphological process whereby two or more free lexemes are combined to form a new word. Each lexeme can function in its own right and can be attributed to any lexical category. English uses lexemes from many different lexical categories to form numerous different English compounds, ie. ââ¬Ëcross + roadsââ¬â¢ (N + N), ââ¬Ëover + doseââ¬â¢ (Prep + N), ââ¬Ëstir + fryââ¬â¢ (V + V). ... ââ¬Ëpresentââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëconflictââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëinsultââ¬â¢; a very productive process in English (McIntyre, 2000) Question 2: a) total reduplication: any linguistic unit, ie. phoneme, word, phrase, clause, utterance or morpheme that is repeated in total, ie. ââ¬Ëbye-byeââ¬â¢ (childish way of saying goodbye) ââ¬â both grammatically and semantically important; generally categorized as either at the semantic/content level or the expression level, ie. Kashmiri: ââ¬Ëshurââ¬â¢ shurââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëchildren childrenââ¬â¢ (expression level for emphasis (optional)), ââ¬Ëjaan jaanââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëgood goodââ¬â¢ (expression level for plurality (obligatory)), ââ¬ËvuzIvuzIââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëdesireââ¬â¢ (semantic level), ââ¬ËtharItharIââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëtremblingââ¬â¢ (semantic level) (Koul, 1977). b) partial duplication: a form that is repeated in part as in ââ¬Ëhelter-skelterââ¬â¢, or ââ¬Ëteenie- weenieââ¬â¢; Malay: reduplication indicates a à ¢â¬Ëcontinuous process and the progressive formâ⬠(Nadarajan, p.42) by reduplicating the base after adding a prefix ââ¬Ëberââ¬â¢, ie. (ber) + base + root as in ââ¬Ëketukââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëpeck, ââ¬Ëber +ketukââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëto peckââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëber + ketuk + ketukââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëkeeps pecking / is pecking / pecksââ¬â¢ (Nadarajan, p.42). c) coordinative compound: when words have more than one (usually two) lexemes that have equal standing as in ââ¬Ëbitter-sweetââ¬â¢; a compound is coordinate when it comprises two elements from the same lexical category and are co-hyponyms (Renner, 2008); English coordinate compounds include N + N ââ¬Ëhunter + gathererââ¬â¢, Adj + Adj ââ¬Ëmanic + depressiveââ¬â¢ and V + V ââ¬Ësleep + walkââ¬â¢ (Renner, 2008) d) derivation: a morphological process whereby a derivational suffix is added that changes the meaning of the word and the word class as in ââ¬Ëact + ionââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëcheer + ful + nessââ¬â¢, or when a prefix is added and only the
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