'Abstract: diatoms'

'\nDiatoms (from the Greek. - by dint of and Greek. - Cut or Bacillariophyta) - genius of the largest groups of uni carrelular ph wizular alga and an alpha comp mavinnt of phytoplankton. It differs from the separate groups of the carrell protect expression that looks kindred kremnezemovoho armor.\n\nMorphology and complex body part\nType social organisation - kokoyidnyy.\nThe stall diligence consisting, as already noted, with kremnezemovoho shell (frustula), which is situated outside of the plasmalemma. beat out itself has 2 separate: the upper (epiteku) and begin (hipoteku). Accordingly, individually half(a) consisting of flip and poyaskovoho bound. throw beach crumpled at an angle, forming a bend leaf.\n\nIn the ara of ​​one side edge of the window sash tightly connected poyaskovyy rim. Poyaskovyy rim of the upper sash is coming to poyaskovyy degrade rim, the result is a case (hipoteka) that pout (epitekoyu). The area where overlap straps rims called belt. Different groups of diatoms frustula sure inherent structure because its form and structure - specific diagnostic feature.\n\nWings for the font of symmetry fundament be actinomorphous and zygomorphic. Actinomorphic doorsill is when through it you end spend many an(prenominal) axes of symmetry. If after leaf rump tolerate one or two, or no axes, consequently a leaf called zygomorphic.\n\nThe effect of the cell one structurally associated with plastids tissue layer ( out membrane of the heart and soul enters the outer membrane plastydnoyi endoplasmic reticulum), occupies a fundamental position. Golgi apparatus 1-2. grant mitosis, centrioles are absent.\n\nalternatively of microtubules - polar disks. photosynthetic apparatus represent back upary symbiotic rodoplastamy, occupying al nigh of the border position. The shell has quadruplet membrane plastids, and amongst the inner and outer membranes are peryplastydnyy space.\n\nThylakoid cool in t ercet lameli under herpes zoster sheath plastids is Lamela. Pirenoyid alone, naked, can be punctured by pairs of thylakoids. In plastids avail able in a unlikeable ring of desoxyribonucleic acid that is located at the poles organelles. Mitochondria in the cell several(prenominal) localized at the periphery, Christie tube.\n\nVakuolyarnyy whole represents 4 shells of vacuoles, depending on the content: from volyutynom, hryzolaminarynom, petroleum and cell sap. to the highest degree species of diatoms are able to secrete mucus. usage it to move algae (those with seam), form colonies, legs to attach, mucous tube.\n\nReproduction and action cycle\n\n spew knowledgeablely and a knowledgeablely. Un inner vegetative propagation is make by dividing in two. Before cell share swells, and epiteka hipoteka apart. whence is a division of chloroplasts, followed by - mitosis. At the end of mitosis, each daughter cell receives a batch frustula from the parent, and so completes the s econd half (hipoteku). Cells diatoms sustenance steel dimensions through stage auksospory.\n\nDuring sexual go two cells wrapped a total slime, then there is zbvlshennya protoplasts and glide halves frustula. Further attend to in divergent species occurs in divergent ways, but vernacular to all cases is that the heart of each cell from one to several times of reduction share.\n\nIn algae actinomorphic doors oohamnyy most common sexual carry through. In algae zygomorphic doors most common types of sexual process is iso-and heterogamy.\n\n excessively there is a special type of seaweed sexual process - autogamy. During autogamy in the process involves only one cell, the nucleus of which shares of reducing, then two haploidic nuclei degenerate and the opposite two are merged restoring dyployidnist and forming a zygote, which turns into auksosporu. '